| Course Level: | Master's | |
|---|---|---|
| Course Duration: | 2 Years | |
| Course Language: | English | |
| Required Degree | 4 Year Bachelor’s Degree | |
| Course Level: | Master's | |
|---|---|---|
| Course Duration: | 2 Years | |
| Course Language: | English | |
| Required Degree | 4 Year Bachelor’s Degree | |
Establishment: UBFC was officially established in 2015 as a community of universities and institutions, bringing together several higher education institutions in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.
Member Institutions: The university integrates several well-regarded institutions, including:
Université de Bourgogne (uB)
Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM)
Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement (AgroSup Dijon)
Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)
Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM) – Cluny campus
UBFC offers a wide range of programs at the undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral levels across various fields, including:
Science and Technology: Engineering, Computer Science, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Environmental Sciences
Health Sciences: Medicine, Pharmacy, Public Health
Humanities and Social Sciences: History, Sociology, Psychology, Philosophy, Literature, Languages
Law and Political Science: Law, International Relations, Political Science
Economics and Management: Business Administration, Economics, Management
Research Centers: UBFC hosts numerous research centers and laboratories, focusing on areas such as materials science, health and biology, environmental science, and humanities.
Collaborative Projects: The university is involved in various national and international research projects, fostering innovation and scientific advancement.
Doctoral Schools: UBFC has several doctoral schools that provide advanced training and research opportunities for PhD students.
Science and Technology:
Computer Science
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Mathematics
Health Sciences:
Medicine
Pharmacy
Public Health
Humanities and Social Sciences:
History
Sociology
Psychology
Philosophy
Literature
Modern Languages
Law and Political Science:
Law
Political Science
Economics and Management:
Economics
Management
Engineering and Technology:
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Science and Technology:
Computer Science (available in French/English)
Physics (available in French/English)
Chemistry (available in French/English)
Biology (available in French/English)
Mathematics (available in French/English)
Health Sciences:
Public Health (available in French/English)
Biomedical Sciences (available in French/English)
Humanities and Social Sciences:
History (available in French/English)
Sociology (available in French/English)
Psychology (available in French/English)
Philosophy (available in French/English)
Literature (available in French/English)
Modern Languages (available in French/English)
Law and Political Science:
Law (available in French/English)
International Relations (available in French/English)
Political Science (available in French/English)
Economics and Management:
Economics (available in French/English)
Management (available in French/English)
Finance (available in French/English)
Marketing (available in French/English)
Engineering and Technology:
Mechanical Engineering (available in French/English)
Electrical Engineering (available in French/English)
Science and Technology:
Computer Science (available in French/English)
Physics (available in French/English)
Chemistry (available in French/English)
Biology (available in French/English)
Mathematics (available in French/English)
Health Sciences:
Public Health (available in French/English)
Biomedical Sciences (available in French/English)
Humanities and Social Sciences:
History (available in French/English)
Sociology (available in French/English)
Psychology (available in French/English)
Philosophy (available in French/English)
Literature (available in French/English)
Modern Languages (available in French/English)
Law and Political Science:
Law (available in French/English)
International Relations (available in French/English)
Political Science (available in French/English)
Economics and Management:
Economics (available in French/English)
Management (available in French/English)
Engineering and Technology:
Mechanical Engineering (available in French/English)
Electrical Engineering (available in French/English)
Course Program Name |
Duration |
Tuition Fees Per Year (Approx. in USD) |
|---|---|---|
|
Science and Technology |
|
|
|
Computer Science |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Physics |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Chemistry |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Biology |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Mathematics |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Health Sciences |
|
|
|
Medicine |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Pharmacy |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Public Health |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Humanities and Social Sciences |
|
|
|
History |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Sociology |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Psychology |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Philosophy |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Literature |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Modern Languages |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Law and Political Science |
|
|
|
Law |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Political Science |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Economics and Management |
|
|
|
Economics |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Management |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Engineering and Technology |
|
|
|
Mechanical Engineering |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
|
Electrical Engineering |
3 years |
$3,000 - $4,000 |
Course Program Name |
Duration |
Tuition Fees Per Year (Approx. in USD) |
|---|---|---|
|
Science and Technology |
|
|
|
Master’s in Computer Science |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Physics |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Chemistry |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Biology |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Mathematics |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Health Sciences |
|
|
|
Master’s in Public Health |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Biomedical Sciences |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Humanities and Social Sciences |
|
|
|
Master’s in History |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Sociology |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Psychology |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Philosophy |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Literature |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Modern Languages |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Law and Political Science |
|
|
|
Master’s in Law |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in International Relations |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Political Science |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Economics and Management |
|
|
|
Master’s in Economics |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Management |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Finance |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Marketing |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Engineering and Technology |
|
|
|
Master’s in Mechanical Engineering |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
|
Master’s in Electrical Engineering |
2 years |
$4,000 - $5,000 |
Course Program Name |
Duration |
Tuition Fees Per Year (Approx. in USD) |
|---|---|---|
|
Science and Technology |
|
|
|
PhD in Computer Science |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Physics |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Chemistry |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Biology |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Mathematics |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
Health Sciences |
|
|
|
PhD in Public Health |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Biomedical Sciences |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
Humanities and Social Sciences |
|
|
|
PhD in History |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Sociology |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Psychology |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Philosophy |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Literature |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Modern Languages |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
Law and Political Science |
|
|
|
PhD in Law |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in International Relations |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Political Science |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
Economics and Management |
|
|
|
PhD in Economics |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Management |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
Engineering and Technology |
|
|
|
PhD in Mechanical Engineering |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
|
PhD in Electrical Engineering |
3-4 years |
$400 - $800 |
Diverse Programs: UBFC offers a wide range of programs across various disciplines, including science and technology, health sciences, humanities, social sciences, law, political science, economics, management, and engineering.
Research Opportunities: The university is renowned for its strong research focus, with numerous research centers and laboratories in areas such as materials science, health, biology, environmental science, and humanities. Students have the opportunity to engage in cutting-edge research projects.
Experienced Faculty: UBFC boasts a faculty of highly qualified and experienced professors who are experts in their respective fields, ensuring high-quality education and mentorship.
Multicultural Community: UBFC attracts students from around the world, creating a diverse and inclusive community. This multicultural environment enriches the learning experience and fosters global perspectives.
International Programs: The university offers various international programs, including exchange programs, double degrees, and partnerships with universities worldwide. This allows students to gain international exposure and experience different academic cultures.
Language Support: French language courses are available for non-French-speaking students to help them integrate into the academic and social life of the university. Some graduate programs are also offered in English.
Student Associations: There are numerous student associations and clubs that cater to a wide range of interests, including academic, cultural, sports, and social activities. Joining these associations is a great way for students to meet new people and engage in university life.
Events and Activities: The university regularly organizes events, seminars, workshops, and cultural festivals. These activities provide opportunities for students to develop new skills, network with peers, and enjoy a well-rounded university experience.
Sports Facilities: UBFC offers excellent sports facilities, including gymnasiums, sports fields, and fitness centers. Students can participate in various sports activities and join sports clubs to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle.
Accommodation: Various housing options are available for students, including university residences, private rentals, and homestays. The university’s accommodation services help students find suitable living arrangements.
Rich Cultural Heritage: Located in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, the university is surrounded by a rich cultural heritage. The region is known for its historical sites, beautiful landscapes, and vibrant cultural scene.
Proximity to Major Cities: UBFC’s campuses are situated in cities like Dijon and Besançon, which offer a blend of historical charm and modern amenities. Students can explore museums, theaters, galleries, and restaurants, and enjoy the local culture.
Cultural Events: The university and the region host numerous cultural events throughout the year, including festivals, exhibitions, and performances. These events provide students with the opportunity to experience French culture firsthand.
Language and Culture Programs: UBFC offers programs focusing on French language and culture, helping international students to better understand and appreciate their host country.
Visa and Administrative Support: The university’s international office provides assistance with visa applications, residence permits, and other administrative matters, ensuring a smooth transition for international students.
Orientation Programs: UBFC organizes orientation programs to help new international students acclimate to the university and the local environment. These programs cover important information about academics, student life, and cultural adaptation.
Health and Well-being: The university offers comprehensive health services, including medical consultations, counseling, and psychological support, to ensure the well-being of its students.
Cost of Living: The cost of living in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region is generally lower than in major French cities like Paris, making it an affordable option for international students.
Academic Qualifications: Relevant academic qualifications equivalent to the French educational system.
Language Proficiency: Proficiency in French (and sometimes English) is required. Tests like TCF, DELF, or DALF for French, and TOEFL or IELTS for English may be needed.
Supporting Documents: These typically include transcripts, a statement of purpose, letters of recommendation, a CV, and a copy of your passport.
Application through Parcoursup: EU/EEA students usually apply via the Parcoursup platform, which is the French national application portal for first-year undergraduate students.
Deadlines: Applications typically open in January and close in March.
Selection Process: Based on academic records and other criteria specific to the program.
Application through Études en France: Non-EU/EEA students apply via the Études en France platform managed by Campus France.
Deadlines: Applications usually open in November and close in January.
Visa Requirements: Successful applicants will need to apply for a student visa.
Research Programs: Explore the master’s programs available on the UBFC website.
Prepare Documents: Collect required documents including bachelor’s degree certificate, academic transcripts, language proficiency proof, statement of purpose, letters of recommendation, and CV.
Application to University: Submit your application directly to UBFC through their online application portal.
Deadlines: Typically between February and April, but can vary by program.
Selection Process: Based on academic records, motivation, and sometimes an interview.
Identify a Supervisor: Research faculty members at UBFC to find a potential supervisor whose research aligns with your interests.
Prepare a Research Proposal: A detailed research proposal is usually required.
Prepare Documents: Collect required documents including master’s degree certificate, academic transcripts, research proposal, language proficiency proof, letters of recommendation, and CV.
Application to Doctoral School: Submit your application through the relevant doctoral school’s portal.
Deadlines: Vary by doctoral school but are typically earlier than master’s deadlines.
Selection Process: Based on the research proposal, academic records, and alignment with the supervisor’s research.
UBFC typically follows the academic calendar common to French universities, with major intakes occurring in the fall. Here are the general intake periods for different levels of study:
Bachelor’s Programs (Licence): Main intake in September.
Application Period: January to March for EU/EEA students (via Parcoursup); November to January for non-EU/EEA students (via Études en France).
Master’s Programs: Main intake in September.
Application Period: February to April for most programs. Specific deadlines can vary by program.
Doctoral Programs (PhD): Main intake in September, but applications can be accepted throughout the year depending on the doctoral school and supervisor availability.
Application Period: Varies by doctoral school, typically earlier in the year.
For EU/EEA Students
High School Diploma: Equivalent to the French Baccalauréat.
Language Proficiency: Proficiency in French (B2 level or higher) as most programs are taught in French.
Specific Requirements: Some programs may have additional specific requirements or prerequisites.
For Non-EU/EEA Students
High School Diploma: Equivalent to the French Baccalauréat.
Language Proficiency: Proficiency in French (B2 level or higher) is required. Accepted tests include TCF, DELF, or DALF.
Campus France Pre-Registration: Students from certain countries need to pre-register via Campus France.
Specific Requirements: Some programs may have additional specific requirements or prerequisites.
General Requirements for All Students
Bachelor’s Degree: A relevant bachelor’s degree or equivalent (typically 3-4 years of undergraduate study).
Language Proficiency:
For French-taught programs: Proficiency in French (C1 level or higher). Accepted tests include TCF, DELF, or DALF.
For English-taught programs: Proficiency in English (IELTS 6.5 or TOEFL iBT 90).
Academic Records: Strong academic records from previous studies.
Specific Requirements: Depending on the program, additional requirements such as a statement of purpose, letters of recommendation, and a CV may be needed.
General Requirements for All Students
Master’s Degree: A relevant master’s degree or equivalent.
Research Proposal: A detailed research proposal that aligns with the research interests of a faculty member at UBFC.
Language Proficiency:
For French-taught programs: Proficiency in French (C1 level or higher). Accepted tests include TCF, DELF, or DALF.
For English-taught programs: Proficiency in English (IELTS 7.0 or TOEFL iBT 95).
Letters of Recommendation: Typically two or three academic references.
Supervisor Agreement: Agreement from a faculty member to supervise the PhD research.
CV: Detailed curriculum vitae outlining academic and professional achievements.
Ranking Agency |
UBFC Ranking |
|---|---|
|
QS World University Rankings |
751-800 |
|
US News Best Global Universities |
875 |
Scholarship Name |
Eligibility |
Coverage |
Application Process |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Eiffel Excellence Scholarship |
International students enrolled in master's or PhD |
Monthly allowance, international travel, health insurance, cultural activities |
Apply through UBFC; the university nominates candidates to Campus France |
|
French Government Scholarships (BGF) |
International students |
Tuition fees, monthly stipend, travel expenses, health insurance |
Apply through the French embassy or consulate in the student's home country |
|
Erasmus+ Mobility Scholarships |
EU and non-EU students enrolled in exchange programs |
Monthly stipend, travel allowances |
Apply through the home university’s international office |
|
A*Midex Scholarships |
International master's students |
Tuition fees, monthly allowance |
Apply directly through UBFC’s application portal |
|
Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté Merit Scholarships |
High-achieving international students |
Tuition fees, monthly stipend |
Automatically considered upon application to the university (specific programs only) |
|
Region Île-de-France Scholarships |
International students enrolled in master's programs |
Up to €10,500 per year |
Apply through UBFC’s international office or online application portal |
|
Fulbright Scholarships |
US students pursuing master's or PhD |
Tuition fees, monthly stipend, travel expenses |
Apply through the Fulbright program in the United States |
|
Charpak Master's Scholarship |
Indian students enrolled in master’s programs |
Tuition fees, living expenses, travel expenses |
Apply through the French Embassy in India’s website |
|
MIEM Scholarships (International Master's Scholarships) |
International students enrolled in specific master’s programs |
Tuition fees, monthly stipend |
Apply through UBFC’s online application portal |
Facility Type |
Description |
Cost (Approx. in USD per month) |
|---|---|---|
|
On-Campus Accommodation |
|
|
|
University Residences |
Basic rooms with shared facilities (bathroom, kitchen) |
$250 - $400 |
|
University Studios |
Self-contained units with private bathroom and kitchen |
$400 - $600 |
|
Off-Campus Accommodation |
|
|
|
Private Rentals |
Apartments or shared flats near the university |
$600 - $1,200 |
|
Homestay |
Living with a French host family |
$500 - $800 |
|
Campus Facilities |
|
|
|
Libraries |
Multiple libraries with extensive academic resources |
Free |
|
Computer Labs |
Equipped with modern computers and high-speed internet |
Free |
|
Study Rooms |
Quiet study areas and group workspaces |
Free |
|
Cafeterias and Dining Services |
Dining options on campus |
$5 - $10 per meal |
|
Sports Facilities |
Gymnasium, sports fields, courts, and fitness classes |
$20 - $50 monthly membership |
|
Health Services |
On-campus health center providing basic medical services |
Free or minimal cost |
|
Additional Services |
|
|
|
Student Support Services |
Academic advising, career counseling, and psychological support |
Free |
|
International Office |
Assistance with visa, accommodation, and cultural integration |
Free |
|
Language Support |
French language courses for international students |
(often subsidized) |
|
Cultural Activities |
University-organized events, excursions, and cultural programs |
(many free or low-cost) |
Diverse Programs: UBFC provides a variety of undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs across multiple disciplines including sciences, humanities, social sciences, law, and engineering.
Research Opportunities: Students can engage in cutting-edge research projects and access state-of-the-art facilities and laboratories.
Experienced Faculty: Learning from qualified and renowned professors who are experts in their fields.
Multicultural Community: UBFC hosts a large number of international students from various countries, creating a diverse and inclusive community.
Language Support: French language courses are available for non-French-speaking students to help them integrate and succeed academically.
Global Programs: Exchange programs, double degrees, and international partnerships offer students global exposure.
On-Campus Housing: Affordable university residences and studios with basic amenities.
Off-Campus Housing: Various options including private rentals and homestays, providing flexibility based on student preferences and budget.
Support Services: The university’s accommodation services assist students in finding suitable housing.
Student Associations: Numerous student clubs and associations cater to a wide range of interests such as academics, culture, sports, and social issues.
Events and Workshops: Regular events, seminars, workshops, and cultural festivals are organized to enhance student engagement and learning.
Sports Facilities: Well-equipped gymnasiums, sports fields, and fitness centers available for student use, along with various sports clubs.
Rich Heritage: Located in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, the university is surrounded by historical sites, beautiful landscapes, and vibrant cultural scenes.
Cultural Events: Students can participate in numerous cultural events, including local festivals, exhibitions, and performances.
Language and Culture Programs: Programs focusing on French language and culture help international students better understand and appreciate their host country.
Health Services: Comprehensive health services including medical consultations, counseling, and psychological support to ensure student well-being.
Academic Support: Services like academic advising, tutoring, and career counseling to help students succeed academically and professionally.
International Office: Dedicated support for international students with visa issues, accommodation, and cultural integration.
Career Center (Service des Stages et de l'Insertion Professionnelle)
Career Counseling: Personalized career counseling to help students identify their career goals and develop job search strategies.
Workshops and Seminars: Regular workshops and seminars on resume writing, cover letter preparation, interview techniques, and networking skills.
Job Fairs and Recruitment Events: The university organizes job fairs and recruitment events where students can meet potential employers and learn about job opportunities.
Job and Internship Listings: Access to an extensive database of job and internship opportunities in various industries.
Internships
Mandatory Internships: Many programs include mandatory internships as part of the curriculum, providing students with hands-on experience in their field of study.
Support and Supervision: Guidance and supervision throughout the internship process, including assistance with securing placements and completing required documentation.
Alumni Network
Networking Opportunities: Access to a strong alumni network that offers networking opportunities, mentorship, and career advice.
Alumni Events: Events and reunions where current students can connect with alumni and learn about their career paths.
Industry Partnerships
Collaborations with Companies: The university collaborates with numerous companies and organizations, providing students with opportunities for internships, projects, and job placements.
Guest Lectures and Industry Insights: Regular guest lectures and industry insights from professionals and experts in various fields.
While specific placement statistics are not always publicly available, UBFC generally sees positive placement outcomes for its graduates. Some key sectors where graduates find employment include:
Law and Legal Services
Business and Management
Economics and Finance
Humanities and Social Sciences
Education and Research
Public Administration and Policy
Communication and Media
Engineering and Technology
Exchange Programs: Opportunities for international exchange programs that enhance global employability.
International Internships: Support in finding international internships and placements, providing a global perspective and experience.
Some of the key employers and sectors that frequently recruit graduates from UBFC include:
Law Firms: National and international law firms.
Multinational Corporations: Various sectors including finance, consulting, and technology.
Public Sector: Government agencies, public administration, and policy organizations.
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): Roles in advocacy, development, and social services.
Education and Academia: Teaching positions and research roles.
Utilize Career Services: Make the most of the university’s career services and resources to prepare for the job market.
Network Actively: Attend networking events, job fairs, and alumni meetings to build connections with potential employers.
Gain Practical Experience: Engage in internships, part-time jobs, and volunteer work to gain practical experience and enhance your resume.
Prepare Thoroughly: Work on your resume, cover letters, and interview skills with the help of career workshops and counseling.
Selective Programs: Some programs, especially at the graduate level and in fields like law, political science, and business, tend to be more selective.
Mass Admission Programs: Many undergraduate programs, particularly in arts and humanities, social sciences, and general studies, might have higher acceptance rates due to larger intake capacities.
International Students: The acceptance rates for international students can differ based on the specific requirements and quotas for non-EU/EEA students.
Location: Dijon, Côte-d'Or
Address: Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
Description: The main campus of Université de Bourgogne is located in Dijon, the capital of the Bourgogne region. It is a large, vibrant campus offering a wide range of programs in sciences, humanities, social sciences, law, and economics.
Facilities: Includes modern classrooms, research laboratories, libraries, sports facilities, dining options, and student residences.
Location: Besançon, Doubs
Address: 32 Rue Mégevand, 25030 Besançon, France
Description: The main campus of Université de Franche-Comté is situated in Besançon, known for its historical and cultural significance. The campus offers diverse programs, particularly strong in sciences, technology, humanities, and health sciences.
Facilities: Features include state-of-the-art research centers, libraries, sports facilities, and student housing.
Location: Belfort and Montbéliard, Territoire de Belfort and Doubs
Addresses:
Belfort: 13 Rue Ernest Thierry-Mieg, 90010 Belfort, France
Montbéliard: Rue du Château, 25200 Montbéliard, France
Description: UTBM specializes in engineering and technology programs. The campuses are equipped with advanced laboratories, innovation centers, and collaboration spaces.
Facilities: Include cutting-edge technology labs, collaborative workspaces, libraries, and on-campus housing.
Location: Dijon, Côte-d'Or
Address: 26 Boulevard Dr Petitjean, 21000 Dijon, France
Description: This institution focuses on agricultural sciences, food science, and environmental studies. It offers specialized programs and research opportunities in these fields.
Facilities: Modern research labs, greenhouses, experimental farms, and student accommodations.
Location: Besançon, Doubs
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