École Polytechnique, often referred to as "l'X", is one of France's most esteemed and influential grandes écoles. Specializing primarily in science and engineering, it is renowned for its rigorous academic curriculum that combines intensive scientific training with a strong foundation in multidisciplinary education. This prestigious institution is not only a leading academic center but also a vital contributor to research and innovation in France and around the world.
1794: École Polytechnique was established during the French Revolution, on March 11, by the mathematician Gaspard Monge and the physicist Lazare Carnot, the latter being a member of the National Convention and the Committee of Public Safety. The school was initially created as the École centrale des travaux publics (Central School of Public Works) to train civil engineers and artillery officers for the nation, reflecting the revolutionary government’s needs.
1795: The school was renamed to École Polytechnique and adopted a military status, which has influenced its operations and traditions to this day.
During the 19th century, École Polytechnique became integral to the professionalization of engineering and the sciences in France. It was during this time that it solidified its role in educating the elite technical and administrative corps of the French state.
The curriculum expanded beyond its military and engineering roots to include a broader array of scientific disciplines.
Throughout the 20th century, Polytechnique continued to evolve, adapting its programs to meet the demands of rapidly changing technologies and societal needs.
1970s: The admission of female students marked a significant milestone, with the first women admitted to the school in 1972.
1995: The institution moved from Paris to its current location in Palaiseau, south of Paris, to accommodate a growing student body and to be part of the Paris-Saclay research-intensive and business cluster.
In the 21st century, École Polytechnique has emphasized internationalization, with a significant portion of its student body now coming from outside France. It has expanded its degree offerings to include Bachelor, Master, and PhD programs, all with a strong focus on international collaboration.
It has also enhanced its role in entrepreneurship and innovation, establishing incubators and partnerships with global industries and academic institutions.
Duration: 4 years
Description: This is the flagship engineering program combining multidisciplinary scientific training with a focus on human and military training. The first two years cover fundamental science, and the last two years allow for specialization in a specific field. Students also participate in military training and internships.
Degrees Awarded: Equivalent to a Master’s degree
Duration: 3 years
Description: Launched to attract international students, this program is taught entirely in English. It offers three majors: Mathematics and Computer Science, Mathematics and Physics, and Mathematics and Economics.
Degree Awarded: Bachelor of Science
Duration: 2 years
Description: Polytechnique offers several Master of Science and Technology programs in collaboration with other universities and institutions part of the Paris-Saclay University. These are highly specialized programs in fields like:
Data Science
Artificial Intelligence
Energy Environment: Science Technology and Management (STEEM)
Internet of Things: Innovation and Management
Economics, Data Analytics and Corporate Finance
Environmental Science and Technology
Degrees Awarded: Master of Science and Technology
Duration: Typically 3-4 years
Description: PhD candidates at École Polytechnique engage in high-level research in collaboration with its many research centers and labs. Doctoral studies can be pursued in a wide array of scientific disciplines, heavily integrated with the school's research teams.
Degrees Awarded: Doctorate degree
Duration: Part-time, spread over 14 months
Description: Aimed at professionals with several years of experience, this program focuses on strategy, transformation, and leadership. It is designed to help mid-career professionals update their skills and knowledge for senior management roles.
Degrees Awarded: Executive Master’s degree
Duration: 2 years
Description: These are specialized degrees aimed at providing deep technical or managerial knowledge in specific sectors such as:
Energy Management
Project Management for Environmental and Energy Engineering (PM3E)
Nuclear Energy
Degrees Awarded: Advanced Master’s degree.
Program Name |
Duration |
Tuition Fees Per Year (USD) |
|---|---|---|
|
Bachelor of Science in Mathematics & Computer Science |
3 years |
Approximately 17,000 |
|
Bachelor of Science in Mathematics & Physics |
3 years |
Approximately 17,000 |
|
Bachelor of Science in Mathematics & Economics |
3 years |
Approximately 17,000 |
BHTM (Bachelor of Hospitality and Tourism Management) in France
Program Name |
Duration |
Tuition Fees Per Year (USD) |
|---|---|---|
|
MSc in Artificial Intelligence & Advanced Visual Computing |
2 years |
Approximately 18,500 |
|
MSc in Data Science |
2 years |
Approximately 18,500 |
|
MSc in Energy Environment: Science Technology and Management (STEEM) |
2 years |
Approximately 18,500 |
|
MSc in Economics, Data Analytics and Corporate Finance |
2 years |
Approximately 18,500 |
|
MSc in Internet of Things: Innovation and Management |
2 years |
Approximately 18,500 |
|
MSc in Environmental Science and Technology |
2 years |
Approximately 18,500 |
Program Name |
Duration |
Tuition Fees Per Year (USD) |
|---|---|---|
|
PhD in Applied Physics |
3-4 years |
Approximately 1,000 |
|
PhD in Economics |
3-4 years |
Approximately 1,000 |
|
PhD in Mathematics |
3-4 years |
Approximately 1,000 |
|
PhD in Computer Science |
3-4 years |
Approximately 1,000 |
|
PhD in Mechanical Engineering |
3-4 years |
Approximately 1,000 |
|
PhD in Chemistry |
3-4 years |
Approximately 1,000 |
|
PhD in Biology |
3-4 years |
Approximately 1,000 |
Rigorous Curriculum: École Polytechnique is renowned for its rigorous scientific and technical curriculum, designed to provide students with a strong foundation in the sciences (mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology) and applied fields (engineering, technology, economics).
Research Opportunities: The school is at the forefront of research in Europe, with state-of-the-art laboratories and collaborations with global research institutions and industries. Students have the opportunity to engage in cutting-edge research projects under the guidance of leading academics.
Faculty: The faculty includes highly respected professors and researchers, many of whom are leaders in their respective fields. The low student-to-faculty ratio ensures that students can benefit from close mentorship and supervision.
Accreditation: Degrees from l'X are highly respected globally, and the school is regularly ranked among the top universities in the world for science and engineering.
Diverse Student Body: With students from over 70 different countries, the campus is a melting pot of cultures, providing a rich international environment. This diversity enriches classroom discussions and broadens students' global perspectives.
Language Support: While French is the local language, English is widely used in courses, especially at the Master’s and PhD levels. Language courses are offered to help non-French speakers adapt and integrate more comfortably.
Global Networks: École Polytechnique has numerous partnerships with leading universities around the world, facilitating international exchanges, research collaborations, and global internship opportunities.
Campus Life: The residential campus offers modern living facilities, dining services, and numerous amenities. Living on campus allows students to fully immerse themselves in the Polytechnique community.
Clubs and Societies: There are over 100 student clubs and societies, ranging from sports (e.g., judo, soccer, sailing) and arts (music, dance, theater) to professional interests (entrepreneurship, finance, technology).
Sports: The school emphasizes physical education as part of its curriculum, with excellent sports facilities and mandatory sports classes for undergraduate students. Competitions and recreational activities are also widely available.
Cultural Integration: International students are encouraged to experience French culture through programs and events organized by the school. This includes outings to Parisian theaters, museums, and historical sites.
Cultural Festivals: The school hosts several cultural festivals throughout the year, celebrating both French and international traditions, which helps to foster mutual respect and understanding among students from different backgrounds.
Proximity to Paris: Located just a short train ride from the heart of Paris, students can explore one of the world’s most culturally rich cities, famous for its art, history, fashion, and gastronomy.
Application Process: This program traditionally requires passing rigorous entrance exams. However, for international students, there's an adapted procedure that does not require these traditional French "concours" exams.
Requirements: Applicants must have completed two or three years of undergraduate studies in science or engineering. They must submit transcripts, recommendation letters, and scores from standardized tests like the SAT or ACT. Proficiency in both English and French is recommended, though initial studies can be conducted in English.
Selection Process: Includes a review of academic records and other application materials, and may also involve interviews.
Application Process: Applications are submitted online through the school's application portal.
Requirements: High school diploma equivalent to the French Baccalauréat, strong transcripts, standardized test scores (e.g., SAT, ACT), letters of recommendation, and motivation letters. Courses are taught in English, so proficiency in English is necessary.
Selection Process: Based on application materials and possibly interviews.
Application Process: Also submitted online. Each Master’s program may have specific application platforms, especially those co-accredited with other institutions.
Requirements: Bachelor’s degree in a relevant field, academic transcripts, GRE or GMAT scores for some programs, letters of recommendation, statement of purpose, and proof of English proficiency (TOEFL, IELTS).
Selection Process: Typically involves a review of all application documents and interviews.
Application Process: Candidates usually apply directly to specific research labs or respond to advertised PhD positions.
Requirements: Master’s degree in a relevant field, detailed research proposal, recommendation letters, and interviews with potential advisors.
Selection Process: Focuses heavily on the candidate’s research interests aligning with the available supervisory expertise and funding opportunities.
Intake: Once a year in September.
Application Deadline: Typically, applications for international students open in the fall and close in the spring of the year before intended enrollment.
Intake: Annually in September.
Application Deadline: Applications usually open in November and close by the end of January or February for the following academic year.
Intake: Most programs start in September, with some allowing for a January start.
Application Deadline: Program by program, but typically applications are due between December and April for the following academic year.
Intake and Application Deadline: Significantly depending on the specific research group and funding availability. Candidates usually apply directly to research labs or advertised projects throughout the year.
Eligibility: Candidates must have completed at least two years of undergraduate study in science or engineering. Strong foundational knowledge in mathematics and physics is required.
Language: Proficiency in English is necessary, and some knowledge of French is beneficial, although not mandatory initially.
Eligibility: Requires a high school diploma equivalent to the French Baccalauréat, with strong grades in mathematics and science.
Language: The program is taught entirely in English, so proficiency in English is required. No French proficiency is needed for admission.
Eligibility: Applicants need a Bachelor’s degree in a relevant field. Specific prerequisites vary by program, especially for technical programs which might require a strong background in areas like mathematics, computer science, or engineering.
Language: Programs are taught in English, so proof of English proficiency (TOEFL, IELTS) is required. Some programs may offer courses in French as well.
Eligibility: A Master’s degree in a relevant field is required. Applicants should demonstrate strong research potential and fit with the prospective research group’s focus.
Language: English proficiency is essential; additional language requirements depend on the specific research group and project.
Ranking Source |
Ranking Category |
Rank or Rating |
|---|---|---|
|
QS World Ranking |
Global University Rankings |
Within Top 70 |
|
QS World Ranking |
Engineering & Technology |
Within Top 50 |
|
US News |
Best Global Universities |
Within Top 150 |
|
US News |
Global Universities in Europe |
Within Top 50 |
Scholarship Name |
Eligibility Criteria |
Coverage |
|---|---|---|
|
Eiffel Scholarship |
Master’s and PhD students; excellence in previous studies |
Full tuition, monthly allowance, other benefits |
|
Charpak Scholarship |
Indian students at Master’s level |
Tuition waiver, living allowance |
|
Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions |
Researchers at PhD and Postdoctoral levels |
Generous fellowship covering tuition, living expenses, and travel |
|
International Mobility Grant |
Bachelor and Master’s students, for study abroad |
Partial to full coverage of expenses during the mobility period |
|
L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science International Awards |
Women pursuing doctoral or postdoctoral research in science |
Grants to support research efforts |
Facility Type |
Description |
Cost of Accommodation |
|---|---|---|
|
On-Campus Housing |
Modern single rooms with shared or private bathrooms, common kitchen areas. |
Approximately 600-700 EUR per month |
|
Off-Campus Housing |
Apartments and shared flats in nearby areas, facilitated by the school's housing office. |
Approximately 800-1,200 EUR per month |
|
Guest Houses |
Temporary accommodation for visiting students, researchers, or professors. |
Approximately 30-50 EUR per night |
Interdisciplinary Learning: Students at l'X experience a highly interdisciplinary education, emphasizing a balance between theoretical knowledge and practical application. This approach is designed to foster creative problem-solving skills.
Small Class Sizes: Small class sizes ensure that students receive personalized attention from faculty, enhancing the learning experience.
International Exposure: With a significant proportion of the student body coming from abroad, the academic environment is inherently international, enriching discussions with diverse perspectives.
Clubs and Societies: École Polytechnique boasts over 100 student clubs and societies, ranging from sports and arts to science and entrepreneurship. This variety allows students to pursue interests outside of their academic studies and develop new skills.
Sports: Participation in sports is highly encouraged, with facilities available for a wide range of activities, including swimming, soccer, tennis, horse riding, and more. Physical education is an integral part of the curriculum.
Cultural Activities: The school organizes a host of cultural events throughout the year, including music concerts, dance performances, and theater productions. Students are encouraged to partake in these activities to broaden their cultural experiences.
Campus Events: The campus calendar includes numerous social events, such as welcome parties for new students, gala nights, cultural festivals, and informal gatherings, which foster a strong sense of community.
Dining and Social Spaces: The campus offers several dining options and social spaces where students can gather to eat, study, and socialize.
Proximity to Paris: The campus is located near Paris, offering students the opportunity to explore one of the world’s most vibrant cities. Public transport makes the city easily accessible, allowing students to enjoy its rich array of cultural, historical, and recreational activities.
Housing: On-campus housing is provided for most students, offering a convenient and safe living environment. For those living off-campus, the school assists with finding suitable accommodation.
Dedicated Career Center: École Polytechnique has a dedicated career center that provides comprehensive support to students in preparing for their professional life. This includes CV workshops, interview preparation, career counseling, and networking events.
Internship and Job Placement: Internships are a crucial part of the curriculum, and the school maintains strong relationships with industry leaders across sectors, facilitating both internship and job placements.
Alumni Network: The extensive alumni network is actively involved in supporting current students through mentoring, networking opportunities, and job placements.
Corporate Partnerships: The school has established partnerships with numerous leading companies in sectors such as finance, consulting, engineering, and technology. These partnerships often result in priority recruitment activities and exclusive job offers for l'X graduates.
Start-Up Ecosystem: The school encourages entrepreneurship with dedicated support structures such as incubators, innovation labs, and access to investors, making it a fertile ground for launching start-ups.
Employment Outcomes
High Employment Rates: Students of École Polytechnique enjoy high employment rates, with most finding employment within a few months of graduation.
International Careers: Due to the international reputation of the school, many graduates secure positions not only in France but also abroad, enhancing their global career prospects.
Competitive Salaries: Graduates of l'X are known to command competitive salaries, reflecting the high regard for the institution in the professional world.
École Polytechnique
Route de Saclay
91128 Palaiseau Cedex
France
