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1. High-Quality Education: Germany is renowned for its high-quality education system. German universities are internationally recognized for their academic excellence and rigorous standards. The country is home to numerous top-ranked universities and research institutions that offer a wide range of programs across various disciplines.
2. Diverse Study Options: Germany provides a vast array of study options, including over 400 universities and institutions offering more than 19,000 degree programs. Whether you're interested in engineering, sciences, humanities, business, or the arts, you can find a program that suits your interests and goals.
3. Affordable or No Tuition Fees: Many public universities in Germany offer education with little to no tuition fees for both domestic and international students. While some universities charge nominal administrative fees, the cost of education in Germany is comparatively lower than in many other countries. This makes studying in Germany an attractive option for students seeking affordable education.
4. Strong Research and Innovation: Germany is known for its emphasis on research and innovation. The country is a global leader in scientific research and technological advancements, offering excellent opportunities for students to engage in cutting-edge research projects. The close collaboration between academia and industry enables students to gain practical experience and access to state-of-the-art facilities.
5. Wide Range of Scholarships: Germany provides various scholarships and funding options to support international students. Organizations like DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) offer scholarships specifically for international students to pursue their studies in Germany. These scholarships can help cover tuition fees, living expenses, and research projects.
6. Multicultural Environment: Studying in Germany allows you to experience a rich multicultural environment. The country attracts a diverse community of students and researchers from all around the world. Interacting with people from different cultures and backgrounds fosters a global perspective and enhances your intercultural skills.
7. Strong Economy and Job Opportunities: Germany has one of the largest economies in the world and offers ample job opportunities for graduates. The country is known for its strong industrial base, particularly in engineering, technology, and manufacturing sectors. As a student in Germany, you can benefit from networking opportunities, internships, and work-study programs, increasing your chances of finding employment after graduation.
8. Rich Cultural Heritage and Lifestyle: Germany boasts a rich cultural heritage, with numerous historical landmarks, museums, art galleries, and festivals. From vibrant cities like Berlin, Munich, and Hamburg to picturesque landscapes and castles, there's always something to explore and enjoy in Germany. The country also offers a high standard of living, excellent infrastructure, and a well-connected transportation system.
9. Gateway to Europe: Located in the heart of Europe, Germany serves as a gateway to explore the continent. With its central location and efficient transportation links, you can easily travel and discover other European countries during your time as a student in Germany.
10. Strong Focus on Sustainability: Germany is known for its commitment to sustainability and environmental consciousness. Many universities offer programs and research opportunities in areas like renewable energy, environmental sciences, and sustainable development. Studying in Germany can provide you with valuable insights and skills to contribute to a more sustainable future.
Pre-School Education: Education in Germany typically begins with optional pre-school education, known as "Kindergarten" or "Kita." Attendance is not mandatory, but it is common for children aged 3-6 to participate in pre-school programs, which focus on socialization, creativity, and early learning.
Primary Education: Primary education in Germany is known as "Grundschule" and is compulsory for all children. It starts at age 6 or 7 and lasts for four years (grades 1-4). In primary school, students receive a broad education in various subjects, including mathematics, German language, science, social studies, arts, and physical education.
Secondary Education:
A. Lower Secondary Education: After completing primary school, students move on to lower secondary education, known as "Hauptschule," "Realschule," or "Gesamtschule." The specific path is determined by the student's academic performance and personal goals. Lower secondary education typically lasts for 5-6 years (grades 5-9/10) and focuses on general education, practical skills, and career orientation.
B. Upper Secondary Education:
Gymnasium: Gymnasium is the traditional academic track in Germany, offering a more academically-oriented curriculum. It prepares students for higher education and typically lasts for 8-9 years (grades 5-12/13). Students who successfully complete Gymnasium receive the "Abitur" qualification, which is required for university admission.
Realschule: Realschule offers a more practical and career-oriented curriculum compared to Gymnasium. It lasts for 5-6 years (grades 5-10) and leads to the "Mittlere Reife" qualification, which enables students to pursue vocational training or further education in a technical field.
Gesamtschule: Gesamtschule is a comprehensive school that combines different educational tracks, including Gymnasium, Realschule, and Hauptschule. It provides a flexible and inclusive education, allowing students to choose their desired educational path based on their strengths and interests.
Tertiary Education:
A. Universities: Germany is renowned for its universities, offering a wide range of bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs. Universities focus on academic studies and research across various disciplines. They are typically publicly funded and offer education with little to no tuition fees, including for international students.
B. Universities of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschulen): Universities of Applied Sciences provide more practice-oriented education, combining theoretical knowledge with practical training. They often have strong links to industry and offer programs in areas such as engineering, business, social sciences, and applied arts. These institutions also award bachelor's and master's degrees.
C. Dual Vocational Training: Germany has a well-regarded dual vocational training system known as "Berufsausbildung." It combines practical on-the-job training with classroom education. Students usually spend three to four days a week in a company and one to two days in a vocational school. Dual vocational training programs prepare students for specific occupations and provide recognized qualifications.
Tuition Fees:
1. Public Universities: Most public universities in Germany offer tuition-free education for both domestic and international students. However, some states have recently introduced tuition fees for non-European Union (EU) international students. These fees vary by state and university, ranging from a few hundred euros to a couple of thousand euros per semester.
2. Private Universities: Private universities in Germany charge tuition fees, and the costs can vary significantly. Tuition fees at private universities can range from a few thousand euros up to tens of thousands of euros per year, depending on the institution and program.
Cost of Living:
1. Accommodation: Rent prices vary based on the city and type of accommodation. On average, students can expect to pay around €300 to €800 per month for a room in a shared apartment (WG) or a student dormitory. Rent for a studio or one-bedroom apartment can range from €500 to €1,500 per month.
2. Health Insurance: Health insurance is mandatory for all students in Germany. The cost of health insurance for students is approximately €80 to €100 per month.
3. Food and Groceries: Students can budget around €150 to €300 per month for food expenses, depending on their eating habits and whether they cook at home or eat out.
4. Transportation: Germany has an efficient public transportation system. Students can expect to spend around €40 to €100 per month on transportation, depending on the city and the distance traveled.
5. Study Materials: The cost of study materials, such as textbooks and stationery, can vary depending on the program. Students can budget around €20 to €50 per month for study materials.
6. Miscellaneous Expenses: Miscellaneous expenses include leisure activities, entertainment, clothing, personal care items, and other miscellaneous costs. It is advisable to budget around €100 to €200 per month for miscellaneous expenses.
1. Academic Qualifications: You must have completed the necessary educational qualifications to be eligible for higher education in Germany. This typically includes a secondary school certificate or equivalent qualification that allows you to pursue higher education in your home country.
2. Language Proficiency: Proficiency in the German language is required for many undergraduate programs taught in German. You may need to provide proof of language proficiency by taking exams such as TestDaF (Test Deutsch als Fremdsprache) or DSH (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang). However, there are also a growing number of English-taught programs available, especially at the master's level. In such cases, you will need to provide proof of English language proficiency through tests like IELTS or TOEFL.
3. Admission Requirements: Each university and program in Germany has specific admission requirements, which can vary. It's important to check the requirements set by the university and the program you wish to apply for. These requirements may include academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, a statement of purpose, a resume/CV, and possibly an entrance examination or interview.
4. Financial Proof: International students, including Indian students, are required to demonstrate sufficient funds to cover their living expenses in Germany. This is to ensure that you can support yourself during your studies. You may be required to show proof of financial resources, such as bank statements or sponsorship letters, to meet the financial requirements set by the German authorities.
5. Health Insurance: All students in Germany, including international students, are required to have health insurance. You will need to obtain health insurance coverage that meets the requirements set by the German authorities. This can be either through statutory health insurance or private health insurance.
Scholarship Name | Description | Eligibility | Application Period |
---|---|---|---|
DAAD Scholarships | Scholarships offered by the German Academic Exchange Service | Varies by program and country of origin | Varies depending on the scholarship |
Deutschlandstipendium | Merit-based scholarships | Open to all students, both domestic and international | Varies depending on the university |
Erasmus+ Scholarships | Scholarships for European students | Open to students from European countries | Varies depending on the program |
Heinrich Böll Foundation Scholarships | Scholarships for international students | Open to students who have excellent academic records | Varies depending on the scholarship |
Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Scholarships | Scholarships for postgraduate students | Open to students who demonstrate strong leadership potential | Varies depending on the scholarship |
Friedrich Ebert Foundation Scholarships | Scholarships for talented students | Open to students who demonstrate social and political engagement | Varies depending on the scholarship |
Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Scholarships | Scholarships for students committed to social justice | Open to students who demonstrate commitment to social justice issues | Varies depending on the scholarship |
German Language Proficiency Exams:
TestDaF (Test Deutsch als Fremdsprache): This exam assesses the German language skills of non-native speakers. It consists of four sections: reading, listening, writing, and speaking.
DSH (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang): The DSH is a language proficiency test specifically designed for university admission in Germany. It assesses your language skills in reading, listening, writing, and oral communication.
English Language Proficiency Exams:
IELTS (International English Language Testing System): IELTS measures your English language skills and is widely accepted by universities in Germany.
TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language): TOEFL is another commonly accepted English language proficiency test by German universities.
Graduate Record Examination (GRE):
The GRE is a standardized test that assesses verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing skills. Some graduate programs in Germany, particularly in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), may require the GRE.
Subject-Specific Tests:
Depending on the program and field of study, some universities may require additional subject-specific tests or aptitude exams. For example, the Test for Medical Studies (TMS) is required for admission to medical programs in Germany.
Semester | Application Period | Start of Semester |
---|---|---|
Summer Semester | December to January (varies by university) | March/April |
Winter Semester | May to July (varies by university) | October |
Rank |
University |
Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
Known for excellence in engineering, natural sciences, and technology. |
|
2 |
One of Germany's oldest and most prestigious universities, renowned for research. |
|
3 |
Germany's oldest university, emphasizing research and interdisciplinary studies. |
|
4 |
Rich history, with a focus on humanities and social sciences. |
|
5 |
Leading technical university, excelling in areas such as energy and information technologies. |
|
6 |
Known for its strong programs in social sciences, humanities, and natural sciences. |
|
7 |
A research-oriented university specializing in engineering and natural sciences. |
|
8 |
Renowned for its research and programs in humanities, social sciences, and life sciences. |
|
9 |
A comprehensive university known for its research and academic excellence. |
|
10 |
University of Göttingen |
Known for its research and strong programs in natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences. |
11 |
Offers a broad range of disciplines and is particularly strong in economics, law, and social sciences. |
|
12 |
Recognized for its research and programs in natural sciences and humanities. |
|
13 |
Offers diverse academic disciplines with a strong focus on research. |
|
14 |
University of Stuttgart |
Known for its engineering and technical programs, emphasizing innovation and research. |
15 |
Renowned for its business administration, economics, and social sciences programs. |
|
16 |
Offers a wide range of disciplines, with strong programs in humanities and social sciences. |
|
17 |
Known for its research and strong programs in natural sciences and humanities. |
|
18 |
Strong emphasis on science, engineering, and technology, with a focus on interdisciplinary collaboration. |
|
19 |
Known for its marine and environmental sciences, as well as natural sciences and engineering programs. |
|
20 |
Offers a broad spectrum of disciplines, known for its humanities and social sciences programs. |
|
21 |
University of Würzburg |
Known for its research and strong programs in life sciences and natural sciences. |
22 |
Emphasizes interdisciplinary research and offers a wide range of disciplines. |
|
23 |
Known for its research and strong programs in natural sciences and humanities. |
|
24 |
University of Marburg |
Offers a wide range of disciplines with a focus on humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. |
25 |
Known for its strong programs in social sciences, humanities, and natural sciences. |
|
26 |
Specializes in agricultural sciences, natural sciences, and business administration. |
|
27 |
Known for its interdisciplinary approach to research and strong programs in humanities and social sciences. |
|
28 |
University of Konstanz |
Known for its research and strong programs in natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences. |
29 |
University of Gießen |
Offers a broad spectrum of disciplines, with strengths in life sciences and humanities. |
30 |
Strong focus on interdisciplinary research and offers diverse academic programs. |
|
31 |
Known for its engineering and technical programs, emphasizing applied sciences and research. |
|
32 |
Emphasizes interdisciplinary research and offers a wide range of programs in natural sciences. |
|
33 |
Offers a wide range of disciplines and emphasizes interdisciplinary research and cooperation. |
|
34 |
Known for its research and strong programs in natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences. |
|
35 |
Offers a variety of programs, with a focus on engineering, natural sciences, and humanities. |
|
36 |
Known for its research and strong programs in humanities, social sciences, and economics. |
|
37 |
Offers a wide range of disciplines, with strengths in humanities and natural sciences. |
|
38 |
Known for its interdisciplinary research and strong programs in social sciences, humanities, and sciences. |
|
39 |
Known for its research and strong programs in natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences. |
|
40 |
Renowned for its business administration, economics, and social sciences programs. |
|
41 |
University of Rostock |
Known for its research and strong programs in natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences. |
42 |
Known for its interdisciplinary approach to research and strong programs in humanities and social sciences. |
|
43 |
University of Konstanz |
Known for its research and strong programs in natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences. |
44 |
University of Gießen |
Offers a broad spectrum of disciplines, with strengths in life sciences and humanities. |
45 |
University of Bremen |
Strong focus on interdisciplinary research and offers diverse academic programs. |
46 |
University of Kaiserslautern |
Known for its engineering and technical programs, emphasizing applied sciences and research. |
47 |
University of Oldenburg |
Emphasizes interdisciplinary research and offers a wide range of programs in natural sciences. |
48 |
University of Augsburg |
Offers a wide range of disciplines and emphasizes interdisciplinary research and cooperation. |
49 |
University of Rostock |
Known for its research and strong programs in natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences. |
50 |
University of Siegen |
Offers a variety of programs, with a focus on engineering, natural sciences, and humanities. |
Expense | Average Monthly Cost (in EUR) |
---|---|
Accommodation | 300 - 800 |
Food | 150 - 300 |
Transportation | 80 - 150 |
Health Insurance | 80 - 160 |
Study Materials | 20 - 50 |
Miscellaneous | 100 - 200 |
Total | 730 - 1,660 |
Proof of Academic Qualifications:
Transcripts: Official transcripts of your academic records from previous educational institutions.
Language Proficiency: Proof of language proficiency in either German or English, depending on the language of instruction for your chosen program. This can be demonstrated through language proficiency tests such as the TestDaF, DSH, IELTS, or TOEFL.
Passport: A valid passport or identification document.
CV/Resume: A curriculum vitae or resume outlining your educational background, work experience, skills, and achievements.
Statement of Purpose: A written statement explaining your motivation for studying in Germany, your academic and career goals, and how the chosen program aligns with your aspirations.
Letters of Recommendation: Typically, two or three letters of recommendation from professors, teachers, or employers who can attest to your academic abilities and character.
Financial Documentation: Proof of sufficient financial resources to cover your tuition fees and living expenses in Germany. This can include bank statements, sponsorship letters, or scholarship awards.
Health Insurance: Proof of health insurance coverage that meets the requirements set by German authorities. You can either obtain private health insurance or provide proof of coverage through a public health insurance scheme.
Visa Documentation: If you are a non-EU/EEA student, you will need to apply for a student visa. This requires providing documentation such as a valid passport, proof of admission to a German university, and proof of financial means.
1. Research and Choose Universities: Research different universities and their programs to find the ones that best match your interests and academic goals. Consider factors such as program content, faculty, research opportunities, location, and language of instruction.
2. Check Admission Requirements: Review the admission requirements for the specific program you are interested in. These requirements can vary depending on the university and program. Ensure that you meet the academic qualifications, language proficiency requirements, and any other prerequisites specified by the university.
3. Gather Required Documents: Collect all the necessary documents for your application, such as academic transcripts, diplomas, language proficiency certificates, letters of recommendation, and your CV/resume.
4. Create an Online Application Account: Most German universities require applicants to submit their applications online through the university's application portal. Create an account on the respective university's website and follow the instructions to complete the online application form.
5. Prepare a Statement of Purpose: Write a well-crafted statement of purpose that outlines your academic and career goals, your motivation for studying in Germany, and how the program aligns with your aspirations.
6. Submit the Application: Fill out the online application form with accurate and complete information. Upload all the required documents, including your statement of purpose. Pay any application fees that may be required.
7. Track the Application Process: After submitting your application, you will typically receive a confirmation email or notification. Keep track of the application process and check your application status regularly. Some universities may request additional documents or conduct interviews as part of the selection process.
8. Wait for Admission Decision: The university will review your application and make an admission decision. The timeframe for receiving a decision can vary, so it's important to be patient. Once a decision is made, you will be notified via email or through the university's online application portal.
9. Accept the Offer and Complete Enrollment: If you receive an offer of admission, carefully review the details, including any conditions or requirements. Accept the offer within the specified deadline and proceed with the enrollment process as instructed by the university.
1. "Very Good" - Grade 1: This represents an outstanding performance and is equivalent to an A or A+.
2. "Good" - Grade 2: This indicates a very good performance and is equivalent to a B or B+.
3. "Satisfactory" - Grade 3: This grade represents an average performance and is equivalent to a C.
4. "Sufficient" - Grade 4: This indicates a performance that meets the minimum requirements but is considered below average. It is equivalent to a D or a low-pass grade.
5. "Insufficient" - Grade 5: This is the lowest passing grade and indicates a performance that does not meet the minimum requirements. It is equivalent to an F or a fail grade.
1. Diverse and Welcoming Environment: Germany is known for its openness and welcoming attitude towards international students. You'll have the opportunity to interact with students from around the world, fostering cultural exchange and global perspectives.
2. High-Quality Education: German universities are renowned for their high-quality education and research opportunities. You'll have access to state-of-the-art facilities, well-equipped libraries, and renowned professors who are experts in their fields.
3. Student Associations and Clubs: German universities have a vibrant student life with numerous student associations, clubs, and societies catering to various interests. These organizations provide opportunities to socialize, participate in extracurricular activities, and pursue hobbies.
4. Affordable or Free Education: Many public universities in Germany offer tuition-free or low-cost education, even for international students. This makes Germany an attractive destination for students seeking quality education at an affordable price.
5. Extensive Range of Programs: German universities offer a wide range of academic programs across various disciplines. Whether you're interested in engineering, humanities, natural sciences, social sciences, or arts, you'll find numerous options to choose from.
6. Research Opportunities: Germany is known for its strong focus on research and innovation. As a student, you can engage in cutting-edge research projects and gain practical experience in your field of study.
7. Cultural and Social Activities: Germany has a rich cultural scene with numerous museums, art galleries, theaters, and music festivals. Students can explore German culture, history, and arts, as well as enjoy a vibrant nightlife.
8. Affordable Cost of Living: While living costs vary depending on the city, overall, Germany has a relatively affordable cost of living compared to other European countries. Additionally, students are eligible for discounts on public transportation, cultural events, and healthcare.
9. Work and Career Opportunities: As an international student in Germany, you can work part-time during your studies to support yourself financially. Germany also offers excellent post-graduation job opportunities, with a strong job market and a high demand for skilled professionals.
10. Travel and Explore Europe: Germany's central location in Europe makes it an ideal base for traveling and exploring neighboring countries. You can take advantage of affordable transportation options to visit other European cities and experience different cultures.
1. Admission Letter: You need to have an admission letter or a proof of enrollment from a recognized German university or educational institution. This confirms that you have been accepted into a study program.
2. Financial Resources: You must demonstrate proof of sufficient financial resources to cover your tuition fees and living expenses in Germany. This can be in the form of a blocked bank account, scholarship award letter, or a declaration of financial support from a sponsor.
3. Health Insurance: You are required to have health insurance coverage during your stay in Germany. This can be either private health insurance or coverage through a public health insurance scheme, depending on your circumstances.
4. Valid Passport: You must have a valid passport that will remain valid for the duration of your stay in Germany.
5. Proof of Accommodation: You will need to provide proof of accommodation in Germany, such as a rental contract or a letter of confirmation from a student dormitory.
6. Visa Application Form: You must complete the visa application form, which can be obtained from the German embassy or consulate in your home country.
7. Passport-sized Photos: You will need to provide passport-sized photos that meet the specific requirements set by the German embassy or consulate.
8. Proof of Language Proficiency: Depending on the language of instruction for your chosen program, you may need to provide proof of language proficiency in either German or English. This can be demonstrated through language proficiency tests such as the TestDaF, DSH, IELTS, or TOEFL.
9. Visa Application Fee: You will be required to pay a visa application fee, which can vary depending on your nationality.
1. Work Hours: As an international student, you are generally allowed to work part-time for up to 20 hours per week during the semester. During semester breaks, you can work full-time (up to 40 hours per week).
2. Work Permit: If you hold a student visa or a residence permit for study purposes, you are eligible to work part-time without obtaining an additional work permit.
3. Minimum Wage: Germany has a minimum wage law, which ensures that employees receive a fair wage. As of 2021, the minimum wage is €9.60 per hour. However, some sectors and collective agreements may have higher minimum wage rates.
4. Job Opportunities: There are various part-time job opportunities available for students in Germany. Common options include working in restaurants, cafes, retail stores, tutoring, administrative assistance, or research assistant positions at the university.
5. Language Requirements: Depending on the job, German language skills may be required. However, there are also opportunities to find English-speaking part-time jobs, especially in international student environments or larger cities with a diverse population.
6. Financial Considerations: While part-time work can provide additional income to support your living expenses, it's important to keep in mind that part-time work should not interfere with your academic progress. Balancing work and studies is crucial to ensure success in your education.
7. Taxes and Social Security Contributions: If your earnings exceed a certain threshold (currently €450 per month), you may be required to pay taxes and contribute to social security schemes. However, there are exemptions for students, and you should consult the relevant authorities for specific regulations and requirements.
1. Work Visa:
A. Job Offer: To apply for a work visa, you generally need to have a job offer from a German employer. The employer needs to demonstrate that they couldn't find a suitable candidate from within the EU/EEA to fill the position.
B. Qualifications: You must have the necessary qualifications and skills required for the job.
C. Visa Application: You can apply for a work visa at the German embassy or consulate in your home country. The specific requirements and procedures may vary depending on your country of origin.
D. Residence Permit: Once you enter Germany with a work visa, you will need to apply for a residence permit within a specified period (usually a few weeks) after your arrival.
2. Blue Card:
A. Highly Skilled Professionals: If you have a university degree and a job offer in Germany with a certain minimum salary threshold (usually higher than average), you may be eligible for a Blue Card. The Blue Card allows you to work and reside in Germany. b. Benefits: The Blue Card offers certain advantages, such as easier access to permanent residence and the ability to bring your family to Germany.
3. EU Blue Card for Researchers:
A. Researchers and Scientists: If you are a researcher or scientist, you may be eligible for an EU Blue Card specifically designed for this group. It offers simplified procedures and certain benefits.
4. Permanent Residence (PR):
A. Temporary Residence: Before applying for PR, you generally need to have lived in Germany for several years on a temporary residence permit, such as a work visa or a Blue Card.
B. Language Proficiency: Demonstrating proficiency in the German language is typically a requirement for PR.
C. Integration: You may need to fulfill certain integration requirements, such as completing an integration course and passing a citizenship test.
D. Application: You can apply for PR through the local immigration office (Ausländerbehörde) in Germany.
5. Settlement Permit:
A. EU Long-Term Residence: If you have legally resided in Germany for at least five years and have demonstrated sufficient financial resources, health insurance, and integration into German society, you may be eligible for a Settlement Permit.
B. Benefits: The Settlement Permit grants you long-term residence rights in Germany and certain social benefits.
Industry | Company |
---|---|
Automotive | Volkswagen Group |
BMW Group | |
Daimler AG | |
Bosch | |
Audi AG | |
Engineering and Manufacturing | Siemens |
Thyssenkrupp | |
BASF | |
Continental AG | |
Airbus | |
Technology and Software | SAP |
Deutsche Telekom | |
Siemens Healthineers | |
Infineon Technologies | |
Zalando | |
Financial Services | Deutsche Bank |
Commerzbank | |
Allianz SE | |
Consumer Goods | Adidas |
Beiersdorf | |
Henkel | |
Lidl | |
Nestlé | |
Pharmaceuticals | Bayer AG |
Boehringer Ingelheim | |
Merck KGaA | |
Pfizer | |
Sanofi |
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